Unión, La

The sea location of Portmán led to the arrival of Phoenician vessels whose people were interested in the place. In this place, the Phoenicians developed mining activities. Their reason was just commercial.

In this municipality ceramic pots originating from Hellenic civilization were discovered in the archaeological site of Cabezo Agudo. There are also remains of the Iberian people in this area.

During the period of Carthaginian control in no little part of the Iberian Peninsula, these people found mining resources in the area of this current municipality. These materials and the esparto were the main resources of the Carthaginian economy. In spite of that fact, mining activities were not more relevant until the Roman Hispania period.

The Romans conquered Kart-Hadast (the current city of Cartagena in Spain) in the year 209 BC and established in this area. In the place of the previous Kart-Hadast, they set the city Carthago Nova. The area of this current municipality became a space for setting villae and mining areas. Some remaining structures are Villa Paturro.

After the Roman Hispania period and in the era of the arrival and presence of the Visigoths in Murcia, there was a decline in the littoral of Campo de Cartagena. The reasons for that fact were the continuous invasions of the Byzantines and the mining activities did not practically take place.

During the Islamic presence era there were not many inhabitants in this territory. In this period, as well as the previous one, there was not much interest in the mining activities in La Unión. This kind of activities began to be considered more interesting after the Reconquista.

After this period of the Reconquista, after the Treaty of Alcaraz, and after Alfonso X of Castile had established the Kingdom of Murcia, the mining in La Unión became more relevant. The property and the usufruct of some mines were allowed only to the monarchs of the Crown of Castile, but they could be awarded to individuals with the payment of fees. A law in which there was an authorisation about looking for, trying and digging mines in the court of Briviesca in the year 1387. In the reign of the Catholics Monarchs ordinances, in which services and rights of miner people were awarded, were signed.

There is little information and knowledge about La Unión in the Early modern period. In spite of the fact that the mining in this area began to gain weight, it was not relevant until the 19th century. Before that century, the inhabitants of the future municipality made their livings with the cattle industry and agriculture, but the mining activities were part of the economic activities of this territory.

In the year 1527, the emperor Charles V conceded Francisco de los Cobos a permit for utilising the metals of the municipality of Cartagena, to which La unión used to belong. There are some documentary sources about the Sierra minera of Cartagena and La Unión (a mountain range in both current municipalities). King Philippe II of Spain signed an order which awards Felipe del Río permission to extract silver and lead. The mountain of the extraction of these two metals is Sancti Spiritu, where the current town of La Unión is settled.

There was a resurgence in the Late modern period in La Unión and it happened especially after 1840. This resurgence was part of the mining activities dynamic of Spain.

One of the main consequences of this mining boom was the large increase of the population in this area. This increase in inhabitants had its origin in the waves of immigration coming from Andalusia whose people settled in the areas in Región de Murcia where there were more mining activities. The people who settled in La Unión came mostly from Almería.

On 1 January 1860, La Unión, Roche and Portmán were conceded a town council, in that time its name was Villa El Garbanzal. In 1868, there were some disagreements among the locals and this led to the name change of this new municipality — its name became the current name of "La Unión". The town was connected by railway to Cartagena in 1874 by what is now known as the Cartagena–Los Nietos line.

A period of new splendour took place in this recent municipality from the last years of the 19th century and the first of the 20th century. This mining boom did not just result in an increase of population - As a result of it, there were relevant urban alterations. Concrete cases are the constructions of la Casa del Piñón, the building for the public market (antiguo Mercado Público) and the church of El Rosario.

From the first decades of the 20th century, the mining decline became inevitable, especially from 1914, the year when World War I began. The years during the Spanish Civil War were hard for the inhabitants of La Unión. Impoverishment and hunger were predominant in this period. Despite that hard situation, there was not any riot or revolution unlike the case of Asturias, other mining area.

In the 1950s, there was an economic and mining improvement, as methods in the use of mining came to this territory. Mining areas which had been neglected were reused and their residue materials were taken advantage.

The period of prosperity did not last long, and the definitive closing of the mining areas occurred in 1991. The exhaustion of the mining sources did not make it possible for the business to remain because it stopped being profitable.

In the 1980s, La Unión gradually became a dormitory-town.

•Llano del Beal (PR-MU 3, 6.4 km)

•Sendero del Mediterráneo - Murcia (GR 92)

•Joseph Alcazar, futbolista francés

•María Cegarra Salcedo, poetisa y perita química española

•Juan Hernández Giménez, aviador español

•Emilia Benito, cantante española

•Francisco Martín Bernabé Pérez, abogado y político español

•David Santisteban, futbolista español

•Jan Pujol Martínez, escritor y político español

•Dolores Peñalver Valenzuela, líder sindical

Alcaldía: Francisco Martín Bernabé Pérez

Web oficial: http://www.ayto-launion.com