Colmenar de Oreja
Madrid · Comunidad de Madrid
Colmenar de Oreja is a town and municipality of the Las Vegas comarca, in the Community of Madrid, Spain. It was subject to a seven-month siege in 1139.
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Origins
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History
First known human settlements in Colmenar de Oreja are traced back to the Second Iron Age and located in the caves on the Tagus river basin and within the archaeological site of Los Castrejones, both sites occupied by the Carpetani. The region of La Vega is cited by historians Polybius and Livy in their description of the Tagus Battle in 220 BC, when 100000 Carpetani, Olcades and Vaccaei were defeated by Carthaginian general Hannibal.
After the Roman conquest, Julius Caesar distributed the land among the veterans of his legions, creating rural Roman villas, being the most relevant the villa of Aurelia, which later became a renowned Roman, Hispano-Roman and Visigoth city, and the origin of the actual Colmenar de Oreja. At the time of the creation of the city of Aurelia, Colmenar already existed as a settlement linked to apiculture (colmenar in Spanish means apiary) and stonemasonry from the limestone quarries that still exist in the area.
After the period of Roman and Visigothic domination, in the X Century, the Arabs built a fort between the City of Aurelia and the left bank of Tagus river, later known as the Castle of Aurelia or the Castle of Oreja. The Castle of Aurelia was, and its remains still are, of special significance, since, after several conquests and re-conquests of Aurelia, the city and its castle were finally conquered in 1139 AD by King Alfonso VII himself, a fact that resulted in the granting of the Fuero del Castillo de Oreja on November 3, 1139. This served as a model for other Fueros, such as Toledo or Madrid.
This important document can be found in the National Historical Archive (Spain). In the year 1171, Alfonso VIII granted the Order of Santiago jurisdiction over a large part of the area established in the Fuero de Aurelia, "with the Castle of Oreja and villages", and, among them, the old Colmenar, being Grand Master Pedro Fernández de Fuentecalada. The population grouping policy of the Order of Santiago made Colmenar prosper enormously, to the detriment of the villages of Castellanos, San Miguel and San Pedro, which ended up disappearing.
After the Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando, Enrique IV, set up his Court in Colmenar de Oreja. Both Enrique IV and Isabel dictated numerous resolutions that appear signed and dated in Colmenar de Oreja, in whose Santa María la Mayor Church, the Count of Tendilla nailed the famous manifesto in favour of Juana la Beltraneja. Supporters and detractors of Princess Isabel sealed their peace in the transcendental Vistas de Colmenar de Oreja. In 1540, Carlos I of Spain granted Don Diego de Cárdenas y Enríquez the title of Primer Señor of Colmenar de Oreja y Oreja, in exchange for the Dehesas of Requena and La Puebla, among others. In 1625, the Señorío was transformed into Condado (County), and the first Count of Colmenar de Oreja and Señor de Oreja, Bernardino Ayala Cárdenas y Velasco, was the 8th Count of Fuensalida. Between 1500 and 1700, the successive kings of the House of Austria authorised or undertook the most important works carried out in Colmenar de Oreja: extension of the church of Santa María la Mayor (1517), repair of the wall (1517) and irrigation of the Vega (1572), foundation of the Franciscan Monastery of San Bernardino de Siena. (1570) and foundation of the Monastery of the Incarnation of the Augustinian Recollect Nuns (1685).
In 1922, Alfonso XIII of Spain granted the Title of City to Colmenar de Oreja as a reward for the many merits it had acquired throughout its history, coinciding with the prosperity of its industry and the strength of its agriculture. The town was declared Bien de Interés Cultural on December 26, 2013.
Monuments
•Placa a los Héroes de la Independencia
•Fuente del Zacatín
What to visit
•Museo Municipal Ulpiano Checa
•Mirador de la Vereda del Cristo
•Mirador del pinar
•Museo de la Piedra
Fiestas, ferias y festivales:
5 de enero. Belén viviente y cabalgata de Reyes.
Febrero. Desfile de Carnaval, amenizado con charanga y posterior concurso y entrega de premios.
Semana Santa: procesiones y actos religiosos.
Mayo (primer fin de semana, siempre y cuando el viernes sea de mayo, no de abril): fiestas patronales del Stmo. Cristo del Humilladero. En las fiestas podemos disfrutar de encierros, capeas, conciertos, pólvora, actividades infantiles, musicales.
Mayo (mediados): Feria del Vino de Colmenar de Oreja. En la que las bodegas se dan a conocer, la feria es amenizada con bailes regionales.
15 de mayo. San Isidro Labrador. Concurso de cata de vinos. Concursos de arada y de guisos. Actos religiosos. Romería de San Isidro, al que la gente acude vestida con trajes regionales, de chulapa, flamenca, de corto, engalanados en carrozas, al finalizar el recorrido, se pasa a la ya tradicional comida en las «fuentes de los huertos» donde se comparten todo tipo de guisos típicos, tortillas y dulces.
Mayo/septiembre. Certamen de Pintura «Ulpiano Checa».
24 de junio. San Juan Bautista. Fiesta de barrio, con actividades infantiles, verbena popular.
10 de julio. San Cristóbal. Procesión de camiones por las calles de Colmenar.
16 de agosto. San Roque. Fiesta de barrio, compartida con todo el pueblo, y especialmente dedicada a niños, con infinidad de juegos, talleres, castillos hinchables, concursos, y para los mayores verbenas, chiringuito, almoneda, y actuaciones de bailes.
Septiembre: Fiestas de Nuestra Señora Virgen de la Soledad (fiesta patronal). Incluye multitud de eventos, encierros, capeas, novilladas, conciertos, procesiones y charanga.
Octubre: Ciclos de Otoño. Conciertos de Órgano.
Diciembre: Mes Navideño: concurso de Villancicos Ciudad de Colmenar de Oreja. Mercado de Nazaret (los dos primeros fines de semana). En la plaza mayor se patrocinan todos los productos típicos de Colmenar de Oreja, vinos, dulces, pan, queso, embutidos, legumbres. Representación del Belén Viviente (tercer fin de semana).
Tauromaquia:
Colmenar de Oreja ha sido un pueblo con raíces taurinas, del que han salido numerosos toreros, entre los que se encuentran Fernando Robleño, Juan Cuéllar, Raúl Palancar, Juan Miguel Benito, Jesús Ángel Olivas y Raúl Cámara Cañero. Es también el lugar de nacimiento de la torera del siglo XIX Martina García que el 25 de julio de 1814 destacó por ser de las pocas mujeres de la época que toreó con hombres, entre ellos Cúchares.
Rutas ecológicas:
En el trazado de la antigua línea del tren de Arganda —que «pita más que anda», según la leyenda popular— está la actual Vía verde del río Tajuña.
Gastronomía:
Gallery
Festivals
September 2026
Festivals this month
- 8 · September Virgen de la Soledad 📆 Add to my calendar
Rest of the year
- May: Fiestas del Cristo (3)
What's on
Street market
Mercadillo semanal: Jueves, de 08:00 a 14:00 · Estación de Autobuses
Gastronomy
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Trails and hiking
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Services
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Famous people
•Ulpiano Checa, pintor, escultor, cartelista e ilustrador español (1860-1916)
•Isidoro Arredondo, artista español
•Francisco López (pintor), pintor y grabador español
•Marcela de Ulloa, camarera mayor y encargada del cuidado de la infanta Margarita Teresa de Austria, hija de Felipe IV
•Ignacio Rodríguez, Escolapio (SchP), pedagogo, humanista, latinista y traductor español
Town hall
Alcaldía: Francisco José García Paredes
Web oficial: https://aytocdo.com/
Town hall of Colmenar de Oreja
Alcaldía: Francisco José García Paredes Web oficial: https://aytocdo.com/
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How to get there
- 🚗 44 km from Getafe (about 31 min by car)
- 🚗 50 km from Fuenlabrada (about 35 min by car)
- 🚗 54 km from Madrid (about 38 min by car)
🧭 Travelling around the villages of Spain: a practical guide — Opening hours, transport, money and customs, before you set off.
- ✈️ 54 km from Madrid-Barajas airport (about 38 min by car)
- ✈️ 230 km from Albacete airport (about 162 min by car)
Practical info
🅿️ Where to park
- Where to park · 0.1 km away
- Where to park · 0.3 km away
- Where to park · 0.7 km away
🏧 Nearest cash machine
- BBVA · 0.1 km away
- Caixabank · 0.1 km away
- Caixabank · 0.2 km away
⛽ Nearest petrol station
- Petronor · 0.5 km away
- Moeve · 5.5 km away
- Repsol · 8.8 km away
ℹ️ Tourist office
- Turismo · 0.1 km away
- Tourist office · 0.3 km away
- Tourist office · 1.8 km away
🔭 Viewpoints
- Mirador de la Vereda del Cristo · 0.6 km away
- Mirador del pinar · 0.7 km away
- Mirador Camino Los Pinos · 4 km away
🏖️ Where to swim
- Piscina Municipal Colmenar de Oreja · 0.9 km away
Buses
Se puede ir con los siguientes servicios regulares de autobús:
Pharmacy and health
•Farmacia
•Farmacia Farmacia José Ignacio Camino
•Centro de Salud de Colmenar de Oreja — Calle de las Alegas
Wall and news
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This wall is still quiet.
Obituaries
There are no obituaries published right now in Colmenar de Oreja.
In loving memory
There are no memorials in Colmenar de Oreja yet.
Videos
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